托福考试独立写作回忆和解析含范文，本文由培顿 教育 北京学校王辰 老师整理点评，王老师对本次托福考试写作部分的综合点评：本次综合写作不是常规的听力反驳阅读的题型，而是少见的“现象证明类”题型，值得关注。独立写作属于政府社会类话题，是老题，难度不大。

　　独立写作

　　话题分类政府社会类

　　考题回忆Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

　　Scientists should be responsible for the negative effects of their discoveries.

　　解题思路本题立场可选择disagree，认为科学家不应该为发明的负面影响负责。

　　主体段1：科学家往往无法预测一个发明的副作用。

　　主体段2：科研本身并不会带来什么副作用，只有那些滥用科技的人才应该得到惩罚。

　　参考范文The invention of the wheel, the discovery of penicillin, the production of the car and the recent invention of the Internet are just a handful of the key advancements that changed the world for the better. However, science and technology is a double edged sword. This had led some to argue that scientists should be held responsible for the negative impact of their discoveries or innovations. I disagree with this viewpoint for the reasons stated below.

　　To begin with, the intention and motives of most scientists are honorable and the unwanted fallout of a discovery is mostly beyond their expectations. This can be confirmed by multiple examples. The discovery of nuclear power was intended to benefit humankind and foster scientific research on physics. The purpose of biological research was to understand the characteristics of living organisms more clearly and precisely. Pharmaceutical research was motivated by the need to develop new medicines to treat disease effectively. Furthermore, scientists cannot always accurately anticipate the future impact of their discoveries or their adverse effects. Scientists, like their fellow humans, have limitations and one is the inability to predict the future. Therefore, it is unfair to allow well-intentioned scientists to shoulder the responsibility for the unpredictable and negative consequences brought about by their discoveries.

　　In addition, scientific discovery itself does not necessarily have a negative impact. It is people who misuse science and technology for their own selfish motives that cause harm to society and thus should be held responsible. The atomic bomb, invented by Robert Oppenheimer is a good case in point. In order to expedite the surrender of the Japanese in the Second World War, nuclear bombs were designed and manufactured by the United States. They were put into operation over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, raiding the cities to rubble, causing untold death and suffering. Should Einstein, a strong anti-war activist, who had made a scientific breakthrough in explaining the mechanism of nuclear power, be blamed? Obviously, this disaster has nothing to do with Einstein. Or consider the case of genetic modification. Greedy business people used this technology to produce genetically modified food which may have caused gene mutation and toxic damage in the human body. It is these unethical and immoral businesses who should be brought to justice rather than the biochemical scientists who painstakingly developed genetic modification.

　　To sum up, it is unreasonable to hold scientists personally accountable if their discoveries cause negative effects in society today. After all, scientists are mostly driven by a desire to make the world a better place.

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